Fuel-saving device



April 27, 1926. 1,582,349

- N. J. RUSSELL FUEL SAVING DEVI CE Fileduarch 19 z sheets-Sheet 1 2April 27 1926. 2 1,582,349

' N. J. RUSSELL l FUEL SAVNG DEVICE Filed 19, 1925 2 Sheets-5heet 2 Ytions and arrangements of parts hereinafter Patented pr. A27, 1926.`

UNITED sra.ras

PATENT OFFICE,

NELSON J'. RUSSELL, OF CHICAGO, ILLIuO-rs.

Application ined Marchas, 18e-5. serial No, 16,590.

To all 'whom t may concern v l Be it known that I, NELSON J. RUssnLL, acitizen of the United States, and a resident ot' the city oit Chicago,county ot Cook, and.

State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in`Fuel-Saving Devices, of which the 'following is a specification. y

My invention relates to a fuel saving device, and particularly to adevice of this lrindwhich is arranged for mounting in the irepot of afurnace or boiler for conductingair from the grate through the burningfueland to the top of said liuel, thus providing for the completecombustion of gases atthetop` of they't'uel in theiire pot; and the mainobject of the inyention is to provide an air conveying member withVinsulating means thcrearound and with protecting casing placed around'`said insulating means totally protect the same, and thereby to protectksaid conveying means, thusl pro-- longing the lite of the insulatingmeans as Well as jot the air conveyingvmeans.

Other objects will appear hereinater-k, rheuinvemtion consists in the`combinadescribed and', claimed. *l .Y y y The invention vwill vbe vbestunderstood by reference tothe `accon'ipzuiying draxvingsl :forming apart ot'gthis specification, and in which, 1 f

Fig lisan ele partly broken away, showing my invention mounted inposition therein; f

FigzQ, is an enlarged horizontal crosssectional view oi the invention,taken on line 2 2 ort-Fig. l; Fig. 3 is an enlarged.. vertical sectionalview of the invention, taken on line SiS ofFigl; y A F ig.` 4 kis aslightly reduced plan view-ot the invention illustrated in Fig. `3, witha part of thecover broken aW- a-y; and e Fig. 5 is a cross-sectionalvievv, takenV on the line 5 5v ot Fig.V 3,]being slightly reduced. Y

ln the drawingslv 4have shownk my invention mounted on a grate 10 andiny theiire pot ll of a boiler '12, its :upper end entendingsuiiiciently high inthefirepot to be aboyethetop or head ofthe fuelltherein.

The form of invention asxillustrated pref.-

erably comprises, agconduit. pro\fidedl VWith a. base .port-ion l5arranged to be rational vieivof a. boiler,I

mounted and supported on the grate 10, and being opened at "the lowerend for re-v ceiving air through said grate, a.nd,ve1'ti calstrengthening plates 15 are extended` inwardly `from said base as shown.Baiiie means are provided on the interiorgof the conduit tor conductingor transferring the heat `from the Walls of the conduit toiv'ard theinterior thereoiz 'so as to thoroughly and effectively heat kthe airpassing up through the conduit and are also arranged to be effective indetlecting theascending heated air current vthrough said conduit. VrFliese baille means preferably include cross plates or diaphragins 16extending across the eonduit,A and substantially vertical plates/17extending inwardly from the Walls of the conduit to points near thecenter line there? Ot, as best shown inlligs.y 2.and 3, .thus

leaving a central spacexlS between said ver tical plates for the 'freeupward passage or".4 air, andthe rcross plates 1G are alternatelyprovided the one With a central Opening 19..y and the succeeding onewith a plurality oi non-central openings 2Q and placed in stagf geredrelation to the central Openings i9 in the adjacent plates, as shown inFig. 3. This arrangen'ient of the various baille elements thus causesthe heat to be radiated and conducted inward from the .ialls, of 'theconduit 14? and to be thoroughly transferred f to the. air which isdeiiefcted by said baHle means in its'passage through the conduit, andthis arrangement, byftransferring the heat from' thewconduit inwardly,is thus etl'ectiveVV in prolonging the lite ot the conduit by preventingburning up thereof.v

A cOverQl is provided andhas an inward-v ly extendingtlangelY whichengages within thewall of theconduit l1t, and this cover is preferablyiirmly fastened on the conduit as by means of bolts 23 havingnuts 24,011`the outer side to bereadily removed for withr drawing the` boltsA and`allowing convenient removal of the coverand replacing thereof it thesame is burntfup rorotherivise dainaged. Openingsor perforations Q5` areprovidedaround the side oiythe cylindrical parto'lE the cover fordirecting the air laterally into the gasesvabove ltheytuel 13. A

projection or thickened portion 26r is' provided on the inner lside ot'the top of the 1G, and is effect-ive in additionally heating the airrising through the conduit and in deflecting it outwardly through theopenings 25. This portion is preferably made solid so as to preventburning down, as the air is extremely hot when it reaches this portionQG, which acts as a hot-spot and additionally heats the air deflectedthereby and acts as a neutralizer for keeping thc air neutrally hot asit passes out of the openings Q5. is this air rises through the conduitit is heated and expanded to an increasing degree and thus rushesforcefully out of said openings 25 to thoroughly mingle with the gaseswhich form at the top of the fuel 13. t

is the heatin the fire pot is extreme, it is apparent that the walls ofthe conduit are apt to be burnt through, I therefore provide protectingmeans around the walls of the conduit so as to shield the same from aconsiderable portion of the excessive heat and thus to prolong the lifethereof. This protecting means or shielding means preferably consists ofa casing or container 27 which is mounted around the walls of theconduit and spaced therefrom to provide a space 2S between it and saidconduit for the circulation of air, and openings 29 are preferably also0 vided between the upper end of said casing and the cover 21 and theconduit 14, said heated air also mingling with the gases is-v suing fromthe burning fuel. Said casing 2T is supported on the base 15 and ispreferably fastened to the container, as by means of bolts 31 andspacing sleeves 32 and nuts 33 which are placed on the inside of theconduit to preventburning up thereof and to permit loosening andremoving the saine through the grate when opened` The protecting andshielding means preferably also incmdes a non-conductor of heat or heatinsulating means 34, placed in the space 28 around the conduit, and thisinsulating means may be in the forni of one or more sheets of asbestosor may be of any suitable insulating means desired, and preferably beingso arranged that an air space is also provided between the casingandconduit to permit the air ascending from the bottom opening 29through the upper opening 30, thus continually cooling the air and anyother non-conducting means existing in said space 28 and preventing theconduit from being'overheated or burnt up. This casing is constructed ofa material or metal which will resist heat to a considerably greaterdegree than the conduit, and is preferably made of metal such as wroughtiron or wrought steel, which has a considerably higher point of fusionand of softening than has the conduit, which is preferably, constructedof cast iron.

It is apparent from the above disclosure that with a protecting means asset forth above, the main construction or air conveying or heatingmeans, is entirely protected and prevented from being burnt up, and itis apparent that the casing d7 protects not only the conduit with itscontained elements, but more particularly protects the heat insulatingmeans 311C or the means which is usually employed -for protecting themain mechanism or air conveying means and which in other constructions,without the use of such casing, is readily caclrcd or broken up anddestroyed; and it is furthermore apparent that this casing 27 may bcreadily removed when damaged by heat and may be replaced by a new one,by raising it upwardly along said conduit and cover, and likewise thatthe cover 21 may be removed aifd replaced, all while the mainconstruction, which is more expensive, is entirely protected and can beretained. If ashes 0r soot finds its way into the space 2S, this isinvariably porous, permitting the air to ascend therethrough, and willthus only act as an additional insulation, and the insulating means 34-can be used in the form of a thick or a thin member, thus the insulatingmeans of proper resistance may be used, or may be entirely omitted, soas to pern'iit the exact amount of heat from the burn ing fuel in thelire pot to be transferred through the casing 27 to the conduit, to betransferred from its wall through the battle elements 16 and 17 to theair. ascending through the device and pass through the top of theburning fuel to mingle with the fuel gases. This insulating means 3a maybe readily removed by drawing it upwardly along the conduit and cover,similar to re moving the casing 27.

Thile I have illustrated and described the preferred form ofconstruction for carrying my invention into effect, this is capable ofvariation and modification without departing from the spirit of theinvention. I,

therefore, do not wish to be limited to the precise details ofconstruction set forth, but desire to avail myself of such variationsand modifications as come within the scope of the appended claims. Y

Having described my invention what I claim as new and desire to secureby Letters Patent is:

1. i fuel saving device for a furnace, comprising means for mounting thedevice on the furnace grate and including a conduit and casing ofgreater heat resisting material than said conduit mounted about saidconduit and providing a space therearound adapted to receive anonconductor of heat,

said conduit having openings adjacent its ing at its top and acting asvaprotectien 'for said conduit and said nonconductor.

Q. A device oi' the class described comprising a conduit with ybasemeans for re-l movably mounting the device on a lurnace grate and beingopen at the bottom lor receiving air through said grate, a casingmounted around said conduit to rest on said base means and being spacedfrom said Aoonduit and readily removable therefrom, said conduit havingopenings to admit air from said base means to said space, and insulatingmeans mounted Within said space.

2E. A device ol the class described comprising a cylindrical conduithaving'bal'lle elements therein which are formed integral With t-lieconduit, said elements including a plurality of diaphragmsprovided Withopenings which are staggered in the alternating diaphragins and aplurality of integral vertical plates extending inwardly from theconduit between each pair ol' diaphragms.

A. A conduit provided with baille elements .lor detlecting the airpassing there-through, and for transferring the heat from the Walls ofthe conduit to the interiory thereof, the upper one of said bailleelements having a central opening, a cover mounted on said conduit andhaving an integral conical del'lecting member beneath the top thereolwith a central depending' point positioned above a central opening inthe upper one of said baille elements,

5. A device of the class described comprising a conduit havingdiaphragms with openings therein, and having cross plates alternatingwith said diaphragm, and a cover removably mounted on said conduit andhaving a central detlecting element mounted on its inner side with thelower point ol said element vextending adjacent to and over a centralopening in the upper diaphragm, there being Side openingsin the Walls`of said cover for the lateral exit of the .deflected air.

(i. A device of the classldescribed comprising a-conduit With base meansremovably iounted on a grate and being open at'the bottom for receivingair through said grate,

a' cover removably mount-ed on the' top of said conduit, a casingmounted around said conduit to rest on said base means and being spacedYfrom said conduit and being readilyy phragms with perforations andplates ei:-

vtending inwardly from said conduit which alternatewvith saiddiaphragme, apcover removably mount-ed on said conduit and having anintegral member with a downwardly projecting point for deflecting airthrough openings provided in said cover, insulating means removablymounted around said conduit and a casing removably mounted around saidinsulating means to protect the same.

In testimony whereof l have signed my name to this specilication.

NELSON J. RUSSELL.

